Definition:
Maternity Leave (Labor Law/ Administrative Law) – (Tr: doğum/annelik izni, Ro: Concediu de maternitate, Es: Licencia de maternidad, Fr: Congé maternité?, Gr: Αδεια μητρότητας) (see also: family leave, parental leave, paternity, adoption leave) = a leave of legally approved absence from work for a female employee who is an expectant or newly mother for the purpose of giving birth and care of the baby. Maternity leave may vary from several weeks up to a period of months, and may be paid or unpaid. Some certain amount of maternity leave might also be obligatory for some countries or states depending on the legislation.
Useful links:
Legislation:
https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:R191 (R191 - Maternity Protection Recommendation, 2000 (No. 191) - Recommendation concerning the revision of the Maternity Protection Recommendation, 1952, Geneva, English)
https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_ILO_CODE:C183 (C183 - Maternity Protection Convention, 2000 (No. 183) - Convention concerning the revision of the Maternity Protection Convention (Revised), 1952 (Entry into force: 07 Feb 2002), Geneva, English)
https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO:12100:P12100_ILO_CODE:C103 (C103 - Maternity Protection Convention (Revised), 1952 (No. 103) -Convention concerning Maternity Protection (Revised 1952) (Entry into force: 07 Sep 1955), Geneva, English)
United States
https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?c=ecfr&sid=abbd92cdff37c5d32de741cc5ccc1e81&rgn=div5&view=text&node=29:3.1.1.3.54&idno=29#se29.3.825_1120 (THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993, Subpart A - Coverage Under the Family and Medical Leave Act, §825.100, English)
https://www.dol.gov/whd/regs/compliance/whdfs28.htm (Wage and Hour Division (WHD) - Fact Sheet #28: The Family and Medical Leave Act, revised in 2012, English)
https://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/publications/fs-preg.cfm (Pregnancy Discrimination Act an amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, English)
United Kingdom
http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1999/3312/pdfs/uksi_19993312_en.pdf (The Maternity and Parental Leave etc. Regulations 1999, English)
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/3052/pdfs/uksi_20143052_en.pdf (The Maternity and Adoption Leave (Curtailment of Statutory Rights to Leave) Regulations 2014, English)
Barbados
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/travail/docs/1225/Employment%20of%20Women%20Chapter%20345A.pdf (EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN (MATERNITY LEAVE) CHAPTER 345A, 1976)
Northern Ireland
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/nisr/2015/104/pdfs/nisr_20150104_en.pdf (The Maternity and Parental Leave etc. (Amendment) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2015, English)
European Union
https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32010L0018&from=EN (Council Directive 2010/18/EU of 8 March 2010 implementing the revised Framework Agreement on parental leave concluded by BUSINESSEUROPE, UEAPME, CEEP and ETUC and repealing Directive 96/34/EC (Text with EEA relevance), ANNEX- FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT ON PARENTAL LEAVE (REVISED) 2009, English)
Organisations & Associations:
https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_protect/---protrav/---travail/documents/image/wcms_146196.pdf (International Labor Organization)
http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=1753 (ACAS - Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service for employers and employees on all aspects of workplace relations and employment law)
https://www.oecd.org/gender/data/length-of-maternity-leave-parental-leave-and-paid-father-specific-leave.htm (Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development)
Case Law:
United Kingdom
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5911be3b40f0b67b04000017/Mrs_L_Freear_v_Vossloh_Cogifer_UK_Ltd_1800747.2016.pdf (Mrs L Freear, Claimant V. Respondent, Vossloh Cogifer UK Ltd., 2017 English)
http://www.redmans.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/ET-Judgment-18.12.17.pdf
(Claimant, Mrs B Hale V. Respondent, Dentons UKMEA Legal Services, 2017 English)
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a313d1fed915d2cf25281b3/Ms_Doyle_2405460-2016_20-11-17.pdf (Claimant, Ms L Doyle V. Respondent, Associated Training Solutions Ltd., 2017 English)
United States
https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/556/701.html (AT&T CORP. v. HULTEEN ET AL., 2009 English)
https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-6th-circuit/1059798.html (Marria SAROLI; Richard Saroli, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. AUTOMATION & MODULAR COMPONENTS, INC.; Richard A. Shore, Defendants-Appellees., 2005 English)
Online Publications:
https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1666.html (van Belle, Jean, Paternity and parental leave policies across the European Union, 2016, booklet – English)
https://www.oecd.org/els/soc/PF2_1_Parental_leave_systems.pdf (OECD - Social Policy Division - Directorate of Employment, Labour and Social Affairs – research, 2016, English)
Publications:
Waller, Leah, Baby Steps: A Guide to Maternity Leave and Maternity Pay, London, Law Brief Publishing, 2016 – English
Van Belle, J., Paternity and Parental Leave Policies across the European Union, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica and Cambridge, 2016 – English
OECD, Parental Leave: Where are the fathers?, policy brief, March 2016 – English
Schulze, E. & Gergoric, M., Maternity, Paternity and Parental Leave: Data related to duration and compensation rates in the European Union, European Parliament, Brussels – English
By Özlem NİŞANCIOĞLU